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The Sun remained spotless over the past week, and by September 27
the period with no sunspots was over two weeks. Average daily solar
flux declined from 68.6 to 67.9. Average planetary A index increased
from 9.7 to 10.9, while average mid latitude A index declined from
8.3 to 7.9.  Predicted solar flux is 68 on September 28 to October
2, 70 on October 3 to 10, 68 on October 11 to 28, 70 on October 29
through November 6, and 68 on November 7 to 11.  Predicted planetary
A index is 5 on September 28 to 30, then 8 and 12 on October 1 and
2, 5 on October 3 to 6, then 20, 35 and 10 on October 7 to 9, 18, 15
and 8 on October 10 to 12, then 5, 10 and 8 on October 13 to 15, 5
on October 16 and 17, 10 and 25 on October 18 and 19, 15 on October
20 and 21, then 10 and 8 on October 22 and 23, 5 on October 24 to
27, 10 and 12 on October 28 and 29, 5 on October 30 through November
2, then 20, 35, 10 and 18 on November 3 to 6, then 15, 8, 5, 10 and
8 on November 7 to 11.  Thanks to Dick Bingham, W7WKR for forwarding
an article by Alex Schwartz, VE7DXW on his automated space weather
station, run with Raspberry Pi.  It can be seen at,
//www.raspberrypi.org/ .  If you like his article, Alex would
appreciate it if you will recommend it by clicking on the heart
toward the bottom.  Here is an article about a previously overlooked
pioneer of radio astronomy, //nyti.ms/2OOLF7D .  You may be
wondering why weve had so many solar storms lately. You might even
have noticed since the last solar storm a week ago that we havent
yet settled down to quiet conditions. In fact, high latitude aurora
photographers continue to enjoy some pretty decent light shows
despite the solar storm being long over. Just a few months ago, we
seemed to go weeks without any significant activity here at Earth.
So what has changed? The answer is simple, Fall is here.  You may
think Im nuts. Few people tend to look at Space Weather as having
seasons like terrestrial weather does. But in truth Space Weather
seasons are very real.  As you can imagine, this has very little to
do with the Sun changing its weather patterns during the year, but
it has everything to do with the way the Earth tilts with respect to
the Sun. During the Summer and Winter, the Earth tilts towards the
Sun in such a way as to lessen the impact of Space Weather. During
the Spring and Fall, however, the sideways tilt of Earth relative to
the Sun actually magnifies Space Weather effects.  So just like
terrestrial weather, this changing tilt results in seasons.
Generally speaking, Space Weather at Earth maximizes at the
equinoxes and minimizes at the solstices. I will be sure to go into
this phenomenon in more detail in an upcoming live mini course so I
can share the particulars of how it works. Its called the Russell
McPherron effect and its really pretty cool.  Her report is at,
//youtu.be/xAeBAcBq4UE .  Monthly propagation charts between four
USA regions and twelve overseas locations can be found on the
ARRL/Propagation web page.  Find better information and tutorials on
propagation on the K9LA web site.  The multiple websites mentioned
in this bulletin can be found in teleprinter, packet, and Internet
versions of 2018 Propagation Forecast Bulletin ARLP039.  Sunspot
numbers were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, and 0, with a mean of 0. 10.7 cm flux
was 66.6, 66.9, 67.9, 68.4, 68.6, 67.6, and 69, with a mean of 67.9.
Estimated planetary A indices were 2, 9, 27, 12, 7, 11, and 8, with
a mean of 10.9.  Estimated mid latitude A indices were 2, 6, 20, 9,
5, 7, and 6, with a mean of 7.9.

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